Population Growth
  •   Many medical discoveries helped to decrease the death rate.
  •  People were marrying earlier and also having much larger families.
  • There was improvements in housing and hygiene.
  • Improved water supplies led to reductions in the amount of deaths by killer diseases.
  • Infant and maternal mortality decreased.
  • The life expectancy was increasing.
  • Many immigrants moved from Ireland (the famine)
Emigration

  •   People lost jobs and housing in Scotland.
  • Poor living standards in Scotland.
  • Join family already abroad.
  • Opportunity to get land and become rich.
Immigration

  •   The Irish came to Scotland to escape the Potato blight/famine.
  • Others came to avoid religious persecution.
  • Others simply came to improve their Standard of Living.
Poor Housing

  •   Lack of light, ventilation and dampness.
  • Roofs would leak.
  • Houses often overcrowded with up to 6 sharing a bed!
  • Open sewers and water supplies were often polluted.
  • Water supplies were often shared.
  • Rats lived in the cellars spreading disease and there was filth everywhere.
What Caused the Disease?

  •   Open Middens and Sewers.
  • Shared water which was polluted led to Cholera.
  • Lice, Flies and Rats would lead to Typhus.
  • Poor diets, lack of fruit and Veg.
  • Damness and poor ventilation led to Tuberculosis.
  • Overcrowding lead to disease spreading rapidly.
  • People could not afford to visit the Doctor.
Improvements in Housing

  •   Addison Housing Act 1919 - By 1922, 312000 new homes were built.
  • Chamberlain Housing Act 1923 - Private builders were given subsidies to build new homes. By 1929, 438000 new homes were built.
  • Wheatley Housing Act 1924 - Central Government gave Local Councils subsidies to build houses. By 1933, 500,000 new homes were built.
  • Greenwoods Act 1930 - The Government paid Local Councils to demolish slum housing and rehouse the people who lived there. By 1939, 245000 slums were demolished. 
Changes in working conditions in Farming
  •   New machines made farming easier, but led to unemployment and the loss of their homes because often houses were tied to the job.
  •   Machines included 'Tull's Seed Drill' and Threshing and reaping machines.
  • Tractors started to become common in the 1920s.
  • Petrol and Oil began replacing man and horse power by the end of the period.
  • There was the introduction of Enclosures and Crop Rotations.
Country Housing Between the 1830s and 1930s

  •   Poor quality houses with no electricity or gas and were often overcrowded.
  •   Married couples were given Cottar Houses but yet again this was very basic accommodation.
  • After 1850, improvements were made but as a result, the Landlords would often increase the rent.
The Dangers of Coal Mining

  •   Mines could have poisonous gases inside them.
  •   They could flood which would kill miners.
  •    The roofs could cave in on the miners.
  •    Made to work up to 14 hours a day and were often beaten for trivial offences.
The Mines Act 1842

  •   No women or girls to work underground.
  • No boys under 10 to work underground.
  • No child under 15 to be left in charge of a machine.
  • Inspectors were to be appointed.
Benefits of the Railways

  •   People were able to travel across Britain more comfortably and at a cheaper cost.
  • Fresh food could be transported across Britain easily.
  • People could now go on holidays.
  • By 1860, it employed over 100,000 people.
  • Improved communication with the distribution of Mail and Newspapers.
  • Whole of Britain went onto standard time.
Steps To Democracy

  • 1867 - Votes for working men in towns.
  • 1872 - Voting in secret.
  • 1884 - Votes for working men in the countryside.
  • 1918 - Votes for women over 30.
  • 1928 - Votes for women over 21.
Methods of The Suffragists
  •  Peaceful Marches and Demonstrations.
  • Letters to MPs, Newspapers and Petitions.
  • Posters and Flags erected.
  • Speeches and Rallies
Tactics of the Suffragettes

  • Slashed paintings in galleries.
  • Would set pillar boxes on fire.
  • Would smash windows.
  • Burnt down important buildings such as Primary Schools.
  • Would cut telephone wires.
  • Emily Davidson actually killed herself. (Search on YouTube)
  • Hunger Strikes whilst in Prison.
Why Were Women Not Given The Vote Before 1918?

  • Majority of MPs were against women having the vote.
  • Their militant tactics made people think they were irresponsible 
  • Many Liberals believed that women would vote for the Conservatives.